Pseudospin excitations in coaxial nanotubes

In a 2DEG confined to two coaxial tubes the `tube degree of freedom' can be described in terms of pseudospin-1/2 dynamics. The presence of tunneling between the two tubes leads to a collective oscillation known as pseudospin resonance. We employ perturbation theory to examine the dependence of the frequency of this mode with respect to a coaxial magnetic field for the case of small intertube distances. Coulomb interaction leads to a shift of the resonance frequency and to a finite lifetime of the pseudospin excitations. The presence of the coaxial magnetic field gives rise to pronounced peaks in the shift of the resonance frequency. For large magnetic fields this shift vanishes due to the effects of Zeeman splitting. Finally, an expression for the linewidth of the resonance is derived. Numerical analysis of this expression suggests that the linewidth strongly depends on the coaxial magnetic field, which leads to several peaks of the linewidth as well as regions where damping is almost completely suppressed.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

The evolution of the cluster X-ray scaling relations in the WARPS sample at 0.6<z<1.0

The X-ray properties of a sample of 11 high-redshift (0.6<z<1.0) clusters observed with Chandra and/or XMM are used to investigate the evolution of the cluster scaling relations. The observed evolution of the L-T and M-L relations is consistent with simple self-similar predictions, in which the properties of clusters reflect the properties of the universe at their redshift of observation. When the systematic effect of assuming isothermality on the derived masses of the high-redshift clusters is taken into account, the high-redshift M-T and Mgas-T relations are also consistent with self-similar evolution. Under the assumption that the model of self-similar evolution is correct and that the local systems formed via a single spherical collapse, the high-redshift L-T relation is consistent with the high-z clusters having formed at a significantly higher redshift than the local systems. The data are also consistent with the more realistic scenario of clusters forming via the continuous accretion of material. The slope of the L-T relation at high-redshift (B=3.29+/-0.38) is consistent with the local relation, and significantly steeper then the self-similar prediction of B=2. This suggests that the non-gravitational processes causing the steepening occurred at z>1 or in the early stages of the clusters' formation, prior to their observation. The properties of the intra-cluster medium at high-redshift are found to be similar to those in the local universe. The mean surface-brightness profile slope for the sample is 0.66+/-0.05, the mean gas mass fractions within R2500 and R200 are 0.073+/-0.010 and 0.12+/-0.02 respectively, and the mean metallicity of the sample is 0.28+/-0.16 solar.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Revised to match accepted version: reanalysed data with latest calibrations, several minor changes. Conclusions unchange

On Gauge Invariance and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

We show how the widely used concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking can be explained in causal perturbation theory by introducing a perturbative version of quantum gauge invariance. Perturbative gauge invariance, formulated exclusively by means of asymptotic fields, is discussed for the simple example of Abelian U(1) gauge theory (Abelian Higgs model). Our findings are relevant for the electroweak theory, as pointed out elsewhere.Comment: 13 pages, latex, no figure

Kink stability, propagation, and length scale competition in the periodically modulated sine-Gordon equation

We have examined the dynamical behavior of the kink solutions of the one-dimensional sine-Gordon equation in the presence of a spatially periodic parametric perturbation. Our study clarifies and extends the currently available knowledge on this and related nonlinear problems in four directions. First, we present the results of a numerical simulation program which are not compatible with the existence of a radiative threshold, predicted by earlier calculations. Second, we carry out a perturbative calculation which helps interpret those previous predictions, enabling us to understand in depth our numerical results. Third, we apply the collective coordinate formalism to this system and demonstrate numerically that it accurately reproduces the observed kink dynamics. Fourth, we report on a novel occurrence of length scale competition in this system and show how it can be understood by means of linear stability analysis. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the general physical framework that arises from our study.Comment: 19 pages, REVTeX 3.0, 24 figures available from A S o

Quantum Gravitational Bremsstrahlung, Massless versus Massive Gravity

The massive spin-2 quantum gauge theory previously developed is applied to calculate gravitational bremsstrahlung. It is shown that this theory is unique and free from defects. In particular, there is no strong coupling if the graviton mass becomes small. The cross sections go over smoothly into the ones of the massless theory in the limit of vanishing graviton mass. The massless cross sections are calculated for the full tensor theory.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

Discovery of a very X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z=0.89 in the WARPS survey

We report the discovery of the galaxy cluster ClJ1226.9+3332 in the Wide Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey (WARPS). At z=0.888 and L_X=1.1e45 erg/s (0.5-2.0 keV, h_0=0.5) ClJ1226.9+3332 is the most distant X-ray luminous cluster currently known. The mere existence of this system represents a huge problem for Omega_0=1 world models. At the modest (off-axis) resolution of the ROSAT PSPC observation in which the system was detected, ClJ1226.9+3332 appears relaxed; an off-axis HRI observation confirms this impression and rules out significant contamination from point sources. However, in moderately deep optical images (R and I band) the cluster exhibits signs of substructure in its apparent galaxy distribution. A first crude estimate of the velocity dispersion of the cluster galaxies based on six redshifts yields a high value of 1650 km/s, indicative of a very massive cluster and/or the presence of substructure along the line of sight. While a more accurate assessment of the dynamical state of this system requires much better data at both optical and X-ray wavelengths, the high mass of the cluster has already been unambiguously confirmed by a very strong detection of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in its direction (Joy et al. 2001). Using ClJ1226.9+3332 and ClJ0152.7-1357 (z=0.835), the second-most distant X-ray luminous cluster currently known and also a WARPS discovery, we obtain a first estimate of the cluster X-ray luminosity function at 0.8<z<1.4 and L_X>5e44 erg/s. Using the best currently available data, we find the comoving space density of very distant, massive clusters to be in excellent agreement with the value measured locally (z<0.3), and conclude that negative evolution is not required at these luminosities out to z~1. (truncated)Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 6 pages, 2 figures, uses emulateapj.st